Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): Orasi: Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Sosial

One of the phenomena that has taken a lot of attention in the world of education is bullying that occurs in schools so that the phenomenon that is done by peers in Indonesia continues to increase. School bullying is a worldwide problem that can have lifelong negative consequences for students. One of them is bullying by normal students towards students with special needs in public schools. This study used a quantitative descriptive method which aims to determine the state of anti-bullying of normal students against students with special needs in class Xl at SMK N 7 Padang. Respondents in this study were forty normal students in class Xl. The results of this study indicate that efforts to prevent and see the bullying of normal students are quite good for students with special needs. So it can be concluded that the anti-bullying awareness of normal students is quite good for students with special needs in class Xl at SMK N 7 Padang.

This research was motivated by a mother who has an autistic child who is currently undergoing individual therapy at SLB Autisma YPPA Padang. One of the therapies that is carried out is diet food therapy which is useful for reducing disorders of autism. At first, X's parents only made snacks for their children to eat, but after a request from the surrounding environment, X's parents were motivated to sell autism diet foods. This study aims to describe matters related to entrepreneurial motivation, how to process food, and strategies to sell diet food for autism. This research uses a case study method which is included in a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were parents of autistic children X. The respondents in this study were the family (husband), the principal, and parents of autistic children who bought food from X. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation study. The results in this study reveal that parent X's entrepreneurial motivation in selling autistic diet foods is the encouragement that comes from within and from outside. In processing autistic diet food, parent X used ingredients, namely rice flour, sago flour, tilapia, jicama, pumpkin, green beans, garlic, himalayan salt, coriander, and oil with two filters. Meanwhile, the cooking utensils used are all made from glass and wood. The cooking techniques used are frying, boiling and roasting. The strategy of selling food by utilizing the knowledge and creativity he had, X's parents were able to attract consumers to buy the food he sold. It can be concluded that the profile of parents of children with autism X in SLB autism YPPA Padang is selling food in the form of snacks that are safe for consumption by children with autism.

The study entitled "Analysis of Early Childhood Bilingualism in Hegarmanah Village, Cibiuk Village, Cianjur Regency is a study that focuses on how bilingualism exists in early childhood. The bilingualism studied is Sundanese and Indonesian. This study aims to obtain information about bilingualism influenced by the environment. In addition, to determine the factors that influence early childhood to be faster or slower in mastering two languages. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with interview techniques. Based on the research that has been conducted, the researcher can find out the results, namely the Sundanese and Indonesian language skills of the children of Hegarmanah Village are still basic or still in the stage of receiving various vocabularies in the two languages. The abilities of each child are different, some are very proficient in using Sundanese, some are balanced and some are more proficient in using Indonesian. This is because of various influences, both from the playing environment and the role of parents. It can be concluded from this study, namely the first language mastered by children in Hegarmanah Village is Sundanese. There are also those whose first language is Indonesian, but overall, based on the data, most children in Hegarmanah village use Sundanese as their first language. Although their first language is Sundanese, children in Hegarmanah village can use Indonesian, with the results being 1) More able to use Sundanese, 2) Balanced language skills, and 3) More able to use Indonesian. The environment in which a child is located also greatly influences the development of a child's language.

The background of this research is social studies learning outside the classroom. The purpose of this research is to find out how the implementation of social studies learning outside the classroom at SMP Negeri 13 North Bengkulu. The research informants are Social studies teacher. The research method in this research is qualitative method of case study type. Instrument and Technique data collection techniques are observation, interview,documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing.  As for the results The conclusion of this research is the application of IPS learning strategy outside the classroom can make students active and enthusiastic in the learning process. And enthusiastic in the learning process. This can be seen in the results of researchers' interviews with social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 13 North Bengkulu who said students very enthusiastic about the learning process outside the classroom compared to learning in the classroom.

Leadership (leadership) which means the ability and personality of a person to influence people or other parties so that these parties carry out activities in accordance with the rules to achieve goals that have been set together. Which in this study looks at how the leadership style in the Ganting Parak Gadang village head, the factors that influence it and how the leadership strategy is set in the Ganting Parak Gadang village head. Leaders who direct others to achieve optimal employee performance in Lurah ganting Parak Gadang. The method used in this research uses qualitative methods The data obtained in the field will be analyzed descriptively qualitative. Qualitative analysis is used to describe how the leadership style in the Ganting Parak Gadang lurah office. The leadership style of the Head of Ganting Parak Gadang is a Democratic leadership style. Which is where the Head of Ganting Parak Gadang always provides his community by communicating directly with his citizens in the field. Lurah Ganting Parak Gadang also always opens communication with the community, namely by providing opportunities for each community to express ideas or ideas in it. As for some factors that influence the Head of Village in improving leadership, namely high work discipline employees do not just appear but are a continuous learning process. This leadership must have a role or authority in leading a company or a job where in this leadership we must build cooperation, the ability to influence with good things, and provide useful benefits to staff or employees.