Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Socrates: Journal of Education, Philosophy and Psychology

The abstract of the research titled "Foster Care Patterns in Shaping the Moral Development of Early Childhood" aims to identify the parenting patterns implemented in orphanages and the inhibiting and supporting factors in the moral development of children. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with a sample of 45 children and 6 caregivers. The findings indicate that the parenting patterns consist of three aspects: the religious aspect (such as performing the five daily prayers), the social aspect (interaction of children within the orphanage and the community), and the individual aspect (apologizing when making mistakes). The inhibiting factors in the moral development of children include the varying backgrounds of the children, lack of attention, and environmental influences. Meanwhile, the supporting factors include children's motivation, community support, and assistance from caregivers. This research is expected to provide a clear understanding of the role of orphanages in the moral development of children

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Because the child struggles to manage emotions, they exhibit aggressive behavior in their teenage years. This type of behavior has been shown since early childhood because of insufficient interaction with parents. As a result, in today’s world, the father figure’s influence on children’s emotional growth is still viewed as overlooked. This article aims to explore the significance of the fathers in the emotional growth of young children. This study consists of literature review. A literature review involved seeking out and analyzing literature by studying different journals, books, and other published materials relevant to the research subject to create a written piece about a particular topic or issue. The importance of the father figure in emotional development offers notable advantages for boys in personal growth, impulsive regulations, and social adaptation during adolescence. At the same time, girls assigned the role of a father typically do not engage in sexual promiscuity during their youth and can establish healthy relationships with men later in life. A father’s role in parenting involves overseeing the child’s emotions, which affects their social-emotional growth. The lack of a father can adversely affect a child’s growth. Consequently, the engaged participation of fathers and solid emotional support are crucial in fostering a positive character and ensuring children’s future well-being.

Parental divorce has a significant impact on children's development, affecting their psychological and social aspects. The main issue raised is how divorce affects children's emotions and behavior, as well as the long-term consequences that may arise due to changes in family dynamics. The aim of this research is to explore the impact of divorce on children, with a focus on changes in behavior and emotional stability. Research goals include identifying factors that influence children's development after divorce and understanding how they adapt to these changes. The method used in this research is a literature review, where the author collects and analyzes various relevant literature sources related to the impact of divorce on children. The search was carried out via Google Scholar with keywords such as and "the impact of parental divorce on children". The focus of analysis includes behavioral changes, emotional stability, and responses to stress. The findings from various articles and previous research are interpreted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of divorce. The research results show that parental divorce has a significant impact on children's psychological development. Many children experience sadness, loneliness, and disappointment after divorce, which can lead to aggressive behavior or withdrawal from social interactions. In addition, the economic instability that often occurs after divorce worsens children's well-being. Although there are some positive impacts such as increased independence, the negative impacts are more dominant and can continue into adulthood. Parental divorce has a significant long-term impact on a child's development, including deep psychological impacts such as low self-esteem and emotional problems. Instability in the family environment and economic difficulties after divorce also hinder children's growth and development. This research emphasizes the importance of support from parents and the community to help children face the challenges caused by divorce, as well as the need for appropriate intervention strategies to support their well-being.

The objectives achieved in this study describe the impact of parental divorce on student learning achievement. This study uses descriptive research. The results of the study obtained: from the results of the study it was found that the divorce of both parents had an impact on student achievement. These impacts can be negative impacts, namely decreased learning motivation, student activity during learning, withdrawn behavior, limiting social relationships and indiscipline. Children are greatly affected by divorce including their learning achievement. So that the child feels very lost in the sense of enthusiasm and lack of motivation to learn so that it can cause the child's academics to decline. In addition, the impacts such as physical and psychological children. Deep sadness can also be potential for children such as easily flared emotions, anxiety, down, and mild depression and children will also feel guilty like blaming themselves